Personally I find it a little condescending to imply the highly educated shouldn't be more politically violent than average. Studying the history of political violence is probably not going to lead to a simple heightening of the 8th grade view that Gandhi somehow eliminated earlier methods because he proved the British Empire of a hundred years ago was especially susceptible to shame.
The author might want to look into elite overproduction theory.
Same thing happened in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th century. Most of the radical revolutionary groups had a core of highly dedicated and highly educated people.
University students being the most radical and prone to revolution has always been the case.
Elites revolt when they feel that they are getting a bad deal in the existing social order. This happens when the elites which are being produced cannot be absorbed into the existing social hierarchy. That's why unemployed students from elite universities - some of the most intelligent and capable in society, yet they have no income - are the most dangerous - because they have the most to gain from a successful revolution and very little to lose.
India saw a similar issue in the 1970-80s with the rise of the far-left Naxal movement and the far-right Hindutva movement, and the political strife in addition to the collapse of the USSR caused led a country that was contemporaneously comparable to China in the 1980s-90s falling 15 years behind China by the 2010s.
Entire generations of scholar-students ended up joining political movements, student politics degraded campus safety and cohesion, and society politicized to such a degree that state capacity degraded severely, and made most voters to view Singaporean and Malaysian (authoritarian) style "Asian Democracy" to be as a viable option. Heck, LKY, Goh Chok Tong, and other Singaporean policymakers mentored Narendra Modi back when he was CM of Gujarat.
A similar transition is slowly happening in the US as well.
Having lived in China for an extended period (most of two decades) and traveled India for months, I think a "15 years behind" narrative is highly misconstrued, even at that point. I first visited China in '98 and India in 2000. India was laying its first fiber optics in New Delhi, while China was kicking out European suppliers after having mastered its own cellular equipment, cloned Cisco and began to broadcast free to air IP protocol suite TV documentaries to 1.4 billion people. By the 2010s China had hosted the Olympics and had a space station and a viable navigation satellite constellation, a high speed rail network, an aircraft carrier and was advancing domestic airline production. India was then and is now permanently behind China with a completely disparate and arguably negative trajectory: there's no viable temporal offset narrative. In my view the biggest issues in India are treatment of women, the caste system, corruption and poverty.
Personally I find it a little condescending to imply the highly educated shouldn't be more politically violent than average. Studying the history of political violence is probably not going to lead to a simple heightening of the 8th grade view that Gandhi somehow eliminated earlier methods because he proved the British Empire of a hundred years ago was especially susceptible to shame.
The author might want to look into elite overproduction theory.
Same thing happened in Russia in the late 19th and early 20th century. Most of the radical revolutionary groups had a core of highly dedicated and highly educated people.
University students being the most radical and prone to revolution has always been the case.
Elites revolt when they feel that they are getting a bad deal in the existing social order. This happens when the elites which are being produced cannot be absorbed into the existing social hierarchy. That's why unemployed students from elite universities - some of the most intelligent and capable in society, yet they have no income - are the most dangerous - because they have the most to gain from a successful revolution and very little to lose.
India saw a similar issue in the 1970-80s with the rise of the far-left Naxal movement and the far-right Hindutva movement, and the political strife in addition to the collapse of the USSR caused led a country that was contemporaneously comparable to China in the 1980s-90s falling 15 years behind China by the 2010s.
Entire generations of scholar-students ended up joining political movements, student politics degraded campus safety and cohesion, and society politicized to such a degree that state capacity degraded severely, and made most voters to view Singaporean and Malaysian (authoritarian) style "Asian Democracy" to be as a viable option. Heck, LKY, Goh Chok Tong, and other Singaporean policymakers mentored Narendra Modi back when he was CM of Gujarat.
A similar transition is slowly happening in the US as well.
> A similar transition is slowly happening in the US as well.
It was in the 60s, but they killed that off pretty solid.
THROUGH COUNTERINTELLIGENCE IT SHOULD BE POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL TROUBLEMAKERS
AND NEUTRALIZE THEM
AND NEUTRALIZE THEM
AND NEUTRALIZE THEM
WAKE UP! [1]
1: https://youtu.be/4lzqUe1Qfec?si=TFiKALRyDHYDis_c
Having lived in China for an extended period (most of two decades) and traveled India for months, I think a "15 years behind" narrative is highly misconstrued, even at that point. I first visited China in '98 and India in 2000. India was laying its first fiber optics in New Delhi, while China was kicking out European suppliers after having mastered its own cellular equipment, cloned Cisco and began to broadcast free to air IP protocol suite TV documentaries to 1.4 billion people. By the 2010s China had hosted the Olympics and had a space station and a viable navigation satellite constellation, a high speed rail network, an aircraft carrier and was advancing domestic airline production. India was then and is now permanently behind China with a completely disparate and arguably negative trajectory: there's no viable temporal offset narrative. In my view the biggest issues in India are treatment of women, the caste system, corruption and poverty.
The "Free Press", freed: https://archive.ph/v16R3
LOL, there's some real irony in that name. Even your archive link doesn't capture the full unlocked page.